Do you work as hard in a group? | Nudge Newsletter


The Ringelmann Effect

Read online


In 1882, French engineer Maximilien Ringelmann studied effort.¹

He measured how much weight each man could pull.

Individually, the men could pull 85 kg.

But in groups of seven, they averaged just 65 kg, a 24% drop.

This became known as the Ringelmann Effect.

Put simply, it proved that as group size increases, individual effort decreases.

Most of us will have seen this in the workplace, typically in bloated meetings where nothing gets done.

But it's not conclusive.

See Colin Fisher, in his book², shared how eventually social scientists discovered that groups in which additional individuals improved performance.

What was different about these groups?

Well, they tackled complex tasks.

The takeaway is clear;

  • Leave simple tasks to individuals.
  • Delegate complex tasks to a group.

Let me know what you thought of today's newsletter. — Phill

P.S. I interviewed Dr Fisher on the podcast last week; his episode will be out soon.

¹Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l'homme. Annales de l’Institut National Agronomique, 12, 1–40.

²Fisher, C. M. (2025). The Collective Edge: Unlocking the secret power of groups. Avery.

As a behavioural science practitioner, I believe in the peak-end rule.

Tune into Nudge | Advertise with Nudge | Unsubscribe

Nudge Newsletter

I spend 18 hours each week turning marketing psychology into readable newsletters.

Read more from Nudge Newsletter

The Effort Illusion Read online In 2003, two researchers¹ proved the illusion of effort. It means we value things more if we believe it took a lot of time to create. Chinander and Schweitzer had groups watch identical presentations. Groups were told one of two things: "This presentation took 8 hours and 34 minutes to prepare." "This presentation took 37 minutes to prepare." Those told the presentation took longer to prep rated it significantly higher. Can I prove this works? On Nudge, I like...

The Nature Effect Read online Are you happier outside? In one 2013 study¹ one million iPhone notifications were sent to 20,000 Brits at various times of day, over a six-month period. The app prompted participants to report their happiness. The app used in the study The phone's GPS determined if the participant was outside or inside. Turns out, those outdoors were much happier. Compared to those inside, participants outside were "significantly and substantially happier", according to the...

Newsletter images (no colour)

The Framing Effect Read online Many plant-based products are failing due to bad naming. In 2018¹, a study was conducted with 727 Brits who already ate meat. Renaming the “𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐭-𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭” to “𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝-𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭” made diners 200% more likely to pick the plant-based option. Similarly, renaming “𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐭-𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐡” as “𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝-𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐡” made it twice as popular. The paper went on to find that a Veggie Burger will be more popular if it’s called a “𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐫”. And...